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First African Urban Forum: “The Just City in Africa: Democracy, Social Justice, and Sustainability”

In many African cities, the processes of urbanization and infrastructure development are frequently driven by narrow business and political interests, rather than being inclusive or democratic.

Urbanization has the potential to significantly improve the quality of life for millions of people by increasing access to public services, transportation, housing, and employment opportunities. These benefits, however, are not guaranteed. They hinge on the nature of investments in urban infrastructure, whether by the State, private sector, or civil society. The preparedness, planning, and responsiveness of urban development efforts play a crucial role in determining whether urbanization can be a force for good. Unfortunately, prevailing injustices often prevent the benefits of urbanization from being equally distributed among all citizens.

In many African cities, the processes of urbanization and infrastructure development are frequently driven by narrow business and political interests, rather than being inclusive or democratic. Male-dominated norms often dictate how cities are designed, planned, and administered, marginalizing women and their needs in the urban landscape. While women are active participants in society, their involvement in infrastructure planning and implementation is generally limited. As a result, infrastructure is rarely designed with the needs of women in mind, leaving millions of people to move from rural areas or be born into what can be described as "unjust" cities.

With State agencies retreating from direct infrastructure development, private financial actors have increasingly taken on a direct role in the design and development of urban spaces. This shift has significant consequences: financial market actors now largely influence what infrastructure is built, where it is built, and for whom it is built. This trend exacerbates existing inequalities, as infrastructure development is often skewed towards the interests of those who can afford to invest, rather than the needs of the broader population.

To address these challenges, it is essential to lift the barriers to gender-responsive infrastructure. Investments in market facilities, women-friendly public transit systems—including safe bus stops—and expanding women’s access to jobs should be prioritized. Such initiatives should have the primary objective of supporting women and marginalized groups, ensuring that urban development serves the needs of all citizens, not just a privileged few.

Against this backdrop, the upcoming African Urban Forum (AUF), hosted by the African Union on 4–6 September 2024, presents a critical opportunity to address these issues. Under the theme “Sustainable Urbanization for Africa’s Transformation: Agenda 2063,” the forum will focus on two sub-themes: “Financing Urbanization for Socio-Economic Transformation” and “Sustainable and Resilient Urban Development in Africa.” This gathering will be pivotal in highlighting the efforts needed to realize a Just City, which depends on the changing forms of infrastructural provision and access.

The pre-event will explore the opportunities that urbanization presents and how to distribute them more evenly across society. The objective is to jointly envision and work towards African cities that are designed for and run by the many, not the few. Participants will need to develop clear policy messages, identify progressive micro-struggles to be publicized, and propose concrete measures to make the distribution of incomes, opportunities, and public goods more equitable within the rapid urbanization process in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The AUF will bring together the African Just City community to share experiences and contribute to a better understanding of what constitutes a just city. Just City alliances will showcase their contributions to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 11 by democratizing urban planning, developing efficient financing strategies for local governments, and improving access to public services and goods.

As Africa continues to urbanize rapidly, the need for inclusive, equitable, and sustainable urban development becomes ever more urgent. The AUF will be a critical platform for discussing and advancing the ideas and strategies necessary to build cities that serve all citizens, not just a select few. The vision of a Just City, where infrastructure and resources are distributed fairly and democratically, must guide the future of urbanization in Africa.

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Meet the Speakers

Geraldine Kabami

Geraldine is a Senior Programme Manager at Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Uganda. She coordinates the Urban Informality Working Group which isa platform that brings together civil society actors to collectively deliberate, and engage on urban informality. She also manages the Paratransit Consultative Forum, a dialogue platform in which multiple stakeholders meet to discuss urban transport planning in Greater Kampala. She has worked for over 13 years with development researchers and practitioners on social justice issues including securing land tenure, affordable housing and mobility for the urban poor advocating for inclusivity and women’s rights. Her first degree is in Law, with a Masters’ Degree in Development Management from The Open University UK.

John Mark Mwanika

John Mark Mwanika, a program officer at ATGWU-Uganda, designs innovative programs using HIV/AIDS, digital tools, and climate change to organize transport workers like boda boda riders, taxis, and heavy drivers. He is a key member of the ITF and part of the Our Public Transport (OPT) program, which aims to boost union influence in public transport systems like BRT in cities such as Nairobi, Dakar, and others. He also conducts Labour Impact Assessments as part of this work.

Astrid Haas

Astrid, an independent Ugandan-Austrian urban economist based in Hong Kong, supports cities in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia with financing and strategy questions. She is an Adjunct Professor at the University of Toronto's School of Cities, a Research Associate at the African Centre for Cities at the University of Cape Town and ODI, and an Extraordinary Lecturer at the African Tax Institute, University of Pretoria. In 2016, she was named a Young Leader by the University of Cape Town, and in 2020, she received the Johns Hopkins Outstanding Recent Graduate award for her urbanisation work.

Githau Thabanja

Githau Thabanja has been the City Manager of Nakuru City in Kenya since 2019, overseeing administration. In Africa, he is the UNESCO Creative Cities Network Coordinator for Craft and Folk Arts and the National Chair of Kenya’s City and Municipal Managers. He offers a fresh perspective on Nakuru’s administration and planning, committed to transformation. He earned a Master of Urban Administration and Planning from the University of Seoul in 2019, holds a Master’s in Governance and Ethics from Mount Kenya University, and a Bachelor's in Economics and Business Studies from Kenyatta University.

Shelton Mthunzi Sithole

Shelton is a highly skilled Corporate Town Planner with the Zimbabwe Institute of Regional and Urban Planners. He currently works as the Principal MSMEs Planning and Development Officer at the City of Bulawayo. His expertise is reflected in his involvement in master and local development plans for the city. Shelton is pursuing a doctoral degree in Urban Planning at the University of Johannesburg and holds advanced degrees in Spatial Planning Systems and Development Studies. He is also an accomplished author focusing on urban planning and the informal sector.

Amanda Ngabirano

Ms Amanda Ngabirano is the Chairperson of Uganda's National Physical Planning Board and a former Vice President of the World Cycling Alliance. An urban and regional planner and Makerere University lecturer, she focuses on linking research with practice. Her research covers informality, transport, road safety, and public space quality in Kampala, in partnership with international researchers. She launched the non-motorised transport pilot on Kampala's Namirembe road-Luwum Street, emphasizing walking, cycling, and public space. Amanda is also the independent Chair of the Greater Kampala Paratransit Consultative Forum, supporting dialogue among public transport stakeholders, backed by FES.

Grace M. Chikumo-Mtonga

Grace M. Chikumo-Mtonga has strategically aligned her organization with national and global development goals, including the SDGs. She has promoted women's land rights and economic empowerment in rural areas, established community GBV response desks, and served as Treasurer of the East and Southern Africa Regional Housing Network, advocating for land and housing rights. Additionally, Grace has led research, engaged policymakers, and supported community projects like a school and clinic in Mahopo.

Titus Kaloki

Titus Kaloki, Programme Coordinator at Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung's Just Cities and Politics in Kenya, has 8 years of experience in political education, policy advisory, and securing human and land rights. He works on projects promoting citizen-centered urbanization and just outcomes through access to public goods. Currently, he leads a 3-year EU-funded Just City project (2024-2027) on water and waste management in Nakuru, Makueni, and Kisumu. He is passionate about democratic governance in Kenya.

Mr. Kibirige Francis

Francis Kibirige is the Managing Director and co-national Investigator of the Afrobarometer surveys in Uganda. With over 20 years of experience, he has managed high-profile projects for government and international development organizations. As the sampling specialist for Afrobarometer, he assists over 40 national partners in drawing representative samples of the adult population. He holds a degree in agricultural engineering from Makerere University and has completed four fellowship programs in research methodology and statistical modeling at the University of Michigan and the University of Cape Town.

Jalal Abdel-Latif

Jalal Abdel-Latif is currently the Senior Social Policy Advisor at the Gender, Poverty, and Social Policy Division of UNECA. His professional focus is on economic and social development, particularly regarding peace and security issues in Africa, as well as good governance. With over 30 years of experience, Jalal has expertise in corporate social responsibility, humanitarian responses, civic engagement, grant-making, project design, and enhancing the capacities of non-profit organizations. Before joining UNECA, Jalal worked with the World Bank in Ethiopia, Sudan, and South Sudan, supporting post-conflict reconstruction operations. He holds a Master's degree from the UCLA African Studies Center with focus on urban development and began his career as a researcher and capacity analyst there.

Florence Nyole

Florence Nyole, a registered architect with 12+ years of experience and founder of EcoSpace Architects Ltd, has worked at Waweru and Associates Architects and the African Wildlife Foundation's Classroom Africa program. She received the 2017 AAK Awards of Excellence for designing Mara Girls Leadership School and was nominated for Leader in Social Impact in 2024 by Women in Real Estate Kenya. She has served as a Tutorial Fellow at the University of Nairobi, won a leadership award in 2021, and is the current President of the Architectural Association of Kenya. She is also named among the Top 40 under 40 Women in 2024 by Daily Nation's Business Daily and participates in various committees, including the FES Kenya-supported Just City Working Group.

Jeremy Okonjo

Jeremmy Okonjo is an Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Warwick and an Advocate of the High Court of Kenya. He has over 18 years of experience in international trade, finance, climate change law, and the digital economy. He holds a PhD from the University of Kent, Master of Laws from University College London and the University of Nairobi, and a Law degree from the University of Nairobi. He is also an Associate Fellow of the UK Higher Education Academy.

Tatu Mtwangi Limbumba

Tatu is a Senior Research Fellow at Ardhi University's Institute of Human Settlements Studies. Dr. Limbumba holds a PhD in Built Environment Analysis and specializes in Housing, Informality, Climate Change, and Urban Poverty. She has provided consultancy services for government and non-government institutions, including preparing the 2021 National Housing Policy and the Tenant Study for the National Housing Corporation. She has conducted research locally and regionally on gender and housing, urban service delivery, and climate change, publishing papers on these topics.

Kuria David Kamau

Kuria David Kamau is the Chief Officer - Housing & Urban Development in Nakuru County. He is an expert in water and waste management, founding AFRICAQUA to provide affordable safe drinking water in Africa. He also founded IKOTOILET, pioneering public-private investments in Nairobi's public toilets. He is pursuing a Ph.D. in Project Management at Jomo Kenyatta University of Technology, where he earned his Bachelor's in Architecture, and holds an MBA in Corporate Governance from KCA University.

Charles Wagura

A graduate of Land Economics and Masters degree in Urban & Regional Planning both from University of Nairobi.  Has Over 25 years’ experience of in the Built environment; specifically areas on Human Settlements and urban development in the public and private sector before joining the  UN: Handled several assignments in Urban and Regional Planning and Management,  Housing Development (including slum upgrading), project management and Administration, Real Estate and Property Appraisal/Valuation as well as facilities management. He is also a licensed Lead Expert in Environmental Impact and Audit Assessment.  He is very passionate about inclusivity and believes each and every individual possess unique gift to share with others.

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